Sperm Analysis and DNA Fragmentation Test
An analogy I learnt when I was studying is to look at the sperm analysis test as the ‘Index of a book’. It is important that all the chapters (or features) are listed and are in order.
However, it is only the one page!
The DNA fragmentation test is where we take a deeper dive into the inside of the book to get the full story. This is where we can assess the genetics of the sperm. It literally looks at the DNA strands that make up a gene. So interesting!
Semen Analysis
A semen analysis is a crucial part of assessing how fertile a man is. Although males produce a lot of semen the actual sperm within it are very fragile. We now know that fertility issues can be broken down as 30% male factor, 30% female factor and 40% combined male and female factors. We always advise to get this test done at the beginning of trying to conceive to save time and emotional stress. Very often a small tweak in lifestyle can have a big impact on sperm health. Test don’t guess!
This test assesses:
- How many sperm are present in a sample or sperm concentration
- The shape of these sperm referred to as sperm morphology
- How mobile the sperm are ie. can they swim far enough to be able to fertilise an egg
- The pH of your sperm – if the environment is too acidic this can effect the health of the sperm
- Semen volume – the amount of semen measured in millilitres
- Time to liquefaction – how quickly sperm changes from sticky substance to a fluid
- A white blood cell test will highlight any infection or inflammation present
Sperm DNA Fragmentation Test
This test assess the genetics of the sperm. It looks at how much DNA is fragmented or damaged within the head of the sperm. It is very important to note that even though a sperm analysis may be normal the sperm could still have DNA damage which could be the obstacle in the sperms capability to fertilise an egg and form a healthy embryo.
We in the The Natural Fertility Hub advise couples to start with a sperm analysis. If this is normal the couple would be advised to keep trying naturally and incorporate some of our therapies which will optimise their natural health. However, after 3-6months if no conception is happening or early miscarriages are occurring we would advise getting the DNA fragmentation test done.
Sperm Analysis and DNA Fragmentation Test FAQs
How do I prepare for a semen analysis test?
This test requires that the sperm is a fresh sample. In order to do this masturbation can be performed at home if you live within 1 hour of the testing facility. If not please check if the facility nearest to you have private rooms available where the sample can be produced onsite.
Specific containers will be provided by the testing facility as other plastic containers etc may be toxic to the sperm.
It is recommended to abstain from ejaculation for at least 2-5 days before providing a sample. Shorter or longer periods may result in misleading results.
How do I prepare for my DNA fragmentation test?
Unlike the sperm analysis a DNA fragmentation test can be done after a sample is frozen. Similar to the sperm analysis test, the sample should be handed into the testing facility 1 hour after it is produced.
Specific containers will be provided by the testing facility as other plastic containers etc may be toxic to the sperm. If you live within 1 hour of the testing facility you can do the collection at home.
It is recommended to abstain from ejaculation for at least 2-5 days before providing a sample. Shorter or longer periods may result in misleading results.